Effective special education relies on employing effective strategies, and evidence-based practices (EBPs) provide the essential framework educators need to support exceptional learners. However, applying EBPs in the classroom involves more than just following a list of strategies. It requires ongoing learning, thoughtful implementation and a deep understanding of diverse student needs. The online Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Education in Special Education K-12 program from Arkansas State University (A-State) prepares future educators to implement these methods with confidence and care.
According to Ori Learning, “Evidence-based practices form the foundation of effective special education. These practices are supported by rigorous research, demonstrating their efficacy in improving student outcomes.” By examining evidence-based practices, their development and their influence on modern special education, A-State’s program equips graduates with the knowledge and skills to improve outcomes for students across the spectrum of abilities.
What Are Evidence-based Practices in Special Education?
 EBPs are instructional strategies or interventions that have been proven effective through high-quality, peer-reviewed research. As outlined in this review of current literature, these practices must meet specific standards of rigor and reproducibility. EBPs are typically developed through:
- Systematic observation and data collection
- Replication across different settings and populations
- Meta-analysis or synthesis of multiple studies
- Endorsement by credible agencies such as the What Works Clearinghouse or the Council for Exceptional Children
In the classroom, evidence-based teaching practices guide decisions on instruction, behavior management, communication strategies and curricular design for students with disabilities. These practices ensure teachers are optimizing the learning environment and content for the complex needs of students.
Why Evidence-based Practices Matter in Special Education
Special education teachers often support students with complex learning, behavioral or developmental needs. Using EBPs ensures that instructional time is grounded in proven methodologies that lead to measurable progress. As explained by the Waterford report on interventions for children with disabilities, these practices:
- Increase student engagement and achievement
- Provide a consistent approach to instruction and support
- Enable data-driven decision-making
- Help meet legal and ethical obligations under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Educators who understand and apply EBPs are more likely to foster positive outcomes and meet individualized education plan (IEP) goals. The potential impact of this knowledge is why it’s so essential to pursue an advanced degree that equips you with key EBP insights.
Core EBP Concepts in A-State‘s Special Education Program
Arkansas State University‘s special education degree integrates evidence-based practices throughout its curriculum. Courses such as Methods and Materials for Students with Severe or Profound Disabilities provide hands-on tools and frameworks grounded in current research. In Curriculum Programming for Exceptional Learners, students develop lessons that cater to diverse needs by utilizing validated instructional strategies rooted in EBPs.
Another key course, Introduction to Autism Spectrum Disorders, familiarizes students with EBPs such as visual supports, structured teaching and applied behavior analysis, methods that research has shown to be particularly effective for students on the autism spectrum. By the time students complete the degree, they not only have a comprehensive understanding of effective strategies in special education, but also know how to apply EBPs that make a real impact in classrooms, resource rooms and inclusive settings.
Challenges and Debates Around EBP in Education
Despite widespread endorsement, EBPs are not without controversy. Critics argue that rigid adherence to research-based strategies may limit teacher autonomy or neglect the nuanced needs of individual students. As highlighted in a 2022 article from the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), some educators question whether EBP frameworks can fully address the complexities of real-world settings, especially in under-resourced or culturally diverse classrooms.
Others raise concerns about access to professional development or training needed to implement EBPs with fidelity. Even the best practices can fall short without adequate support, coaching or adaptation to local contexts.
A-State addresses these challenges by teaching students to critically evaluate and adapt EBPs, rather than treating them as one-size-fits-all solutions. Through case studies, practicums and collaboration with experienced faculty, students learn how to balance research with responsiveness, customizing EBPs to the specific needs of the individuals in the learning environment.
The Role of Special Education Teachers in Applying EBP
Special education teachers are not just implementers of strategy — they are decision-makers, advocates and collaborators. With a deep understanding of evidence-based practices in education, they are better equipped to:
- Develop IEPs aligned with proven interventions
- Collect and interpret data to adjust instruction
- Collaborate with families, general education teachers, and specialists
- Foster inclusive environments that respect individual differences
Graduates of A-State‘s program are prepared to take on these roles with clarity and competence. These practices enable them to contribute to a more effective and equitable educational system.
Building Strong Foundations With Evidence-based Training Online at A-State
With increasing attention on student outcomes and instructional quality, evidence-based practices are more essential than ever in special education. The online B.S. in Education – Special Education K-12 program from A-State equips future educators with the tools, training and insight to put these practices into action.
By blending research with classroom application, the program prepares students to support exceptional learners in meaningful, measurable ways — and to become confident professionals in one of the most rewarding areas of education.
Learn more about Arkansas State University’s online Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Education in Special Education K-12 program.